辽宁省海洋生态修复现状、存在的问题及对策建议          下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  张连杰  闫吉顺  于永海  张盼 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(7):49-52

随着沿海经济带的开发建设,海洋生态环境承受着巨大压力,湿地、河口、海湾、海岛等重要生态系统面临前所未有的威胁。对海洋生态的保护修复已经迫在眉睫、刻不容缓。文章基于辽宁省海洋资源环境的特征,结合海域开发利用及海洋生态修复现状,探索辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题,并提出生态修复重点及对策建议,截至2017年,累计整治修复岸线长度约140km,整治修复海域面积超过50km~2。辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题有:近岸局部海域水体污染、生态受损;湿地、滩涂面积有缩减趋势;河口生态系统脆弱,生物多样性指数降低;海湾生态功能退化;海岛生态环境失衡。辽宁省应重点开展海湾环境综合治理以及滨海湿地、岸滩、岛礁等整治修复工作。  相似文献   

国土空间规划:生态环境类单幅总图的研制     

李九一  李丽娟  王传胜 《地理研究》2019,38(10):2506-2517

生态环境类单幅总图是国土空间规划编制的重要内容,是落实生态环境空间管控,促进生态环境与社会经济协调发展,实现一张蓝图干到底的重要支撑。探讨空间规划生态单幅总图和环境单幅总图的编制要点与技术方法,并以福建省为例,研制生态环境空间战略目标、空间结构与重点任务。在案例研究中,制定了福建省“三屏、六廊、十四片区”的生态安全格局建设方案,以及空间差异化的环境管控方案,并在空间上落实了生态环境治理的重点区域和重大生态环境治理工程。通过探讨生态环境类单幅总图编制与生态环境类专项规划的关系,阐明省级规划指导市、县等下层级空间规划生态环境单幅总图编制的原则与方法,是落实空间规划对生态环境保护空间指引的创新与实践。  相似文献   

松嫩平原东部土地利用时空动态变化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨佳佳  张一鹤  冯雨林  高铁  肖红叶  刘洋  杨泽  魏明辉  张哲寰 《地质与资源》2021,29(6):627

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1961—2010年中国气候生产潜力时空格局变化及其潜在可承载人口分析     

徐雨晴  周波涛  於琍  徐影 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(2):84-91

以气温、降水格点数据为基础,采用Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算了中国气候生产潜力(CPP),并从气候的角度估算了耕地上气候资源潜在可承载的人口数,以便增强了解气候变化的影响及气候资源最大人口支撑能力。结果表明:1961—2010年中国CPP总体呈突变性增加趋势,1987年为突变点,年最低、最高及平均值分别为689. 18、814. 56和744. 05 g·m^-2·a^-1。空间上呈现出从西北向东南逐渐递增的带状分布,其中高值区主要分布在华南大部,最高值达2103. 56 g·m^-2·a^-1;低值区主要分布在西、北部地区,最低值为39. 28 g·m^-2·a^-1。2001—2010年中国大部分地区CPP年平均值相对于1961—2010年多年平均值变化幅度不大,变化比例高的地区基本上分布于中国西、北部,其中增加的区域达82%,主要分布在华东地区、新疆西部、西藏北部及青海大部,远大于缩减的区域(17%)。1995—2010年,基于公里网格的耕地气候潜在可承载人口为46—2180人·km^-2,全国平均值最低的年份为1130人·km^-2,对应的实际人口为0—49729人·km^-2,全国平均值均不高于137人·km^-2;全国实际总人口为11. 43—13. 04亿,耕地气候潜在可承载总人口为19. 72—20. 22亿,前后比值为58%—65%。这表明,中国耕地生产力未达到气候生产潜力,尚有一定的开发潜力;实际人口在中国大部分地区均没有超出气候资源潜在可承载的最大人口,然而在少数省市(如生态环境脆弱的青海省以及经济发达的大城市及沿海地区)已超出。  相似文献   

Mobile bodies: Animal migration in North American history     

《Geoforum》2015

North Americans have had a profound affect on wildlife, especially migratory animals such as elk, bison, salmon, and many species of birds. Migration is a vital adaptation for these and other species. Yet despite this importance and the myriad ways in which people have influenced and understood migration, environmental geographers have devoted scant attention to it. This paper examines the role of animal migration in North American history. North Americans have affected and managed animal migrants in six primary ways: transforming migrant habitats; harvesting migrants; obstructing and facilitating migrants; working across borders; visualizing migrants; and accepting and resisting migrants. I examine these different aspects of animal migration history in North America and end with a discussion of how other geographers such as environmental historical geographers, political ecologists, and animal geographers can employ this framework.  相似文献   

Shifting production/shifting consumption: A political ecology of health perceptions in Kumaon,India     

《Geoforum》2015

Despite rapid economic growth, India has not seen the improvements in food and nutritional security that other developing countries have had. This “Asian enigma” has generated a wealth of economistic analyses seeking to explain the persistence of poor nutrition, yet few studies have looked at everyday experiences of changing food systems, and how this impacts nutritional practices as well as the processes of subject formation. In this paper, I draw on qualitative research conducted in Uttarakhand, North India and examine how state-led shifts in agricultural production have resulted in changing food consumption practices and diminished perceptions of health. Villagers link this decreased health to increased chemicals in home-produced food, greater dependence on the market for food purchases, and generational changes in dietary preferences. Despite villagers’ cognizance of the negative health effects of these practices, they largely view these byproducts of capitalistic development with an air of inevitability. Following Mansfield (2011) this paper contributes to the political ecology of health literature by employing the concept of food as a “vector of intercorporeality” (Stassart and Whatmore, 2003:449) and bringing this into conversation with a poststructuralist understanding of subjectivity. I argue that within shifting landscapes of agriculture production and food consumption, notions of diminished health are indicative of the complex and always incomplete processes of subject formation. I view shifting health perceptions as intimate bodily resistances to agricultural development, and conclude that within agricultural development programs a focus on bodily health and well-being is a fecund platform for further experimental research that seeks to imagine development differently.  相似文献   

Historical influences on the current provision of multiple ecosystem services     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Ecosystem service provision varies temporally in response to natural and human-induced factors, yet research in this field is dominated by analyses that ignore the time-lags and feedbacks that occur within socio-ecological systems. The implications of this have been unstudied, but are central to understanding how service delivery will alter due to future land-use/cover change. Urban areas are expanding faster than any other land-use, making cities ideal study systems for examining such legacy effects. We assess the extent to which present-day provision of a suite of eight ecosystem services, quantified using field-gathered data, is explained by current and historical (stretching back 150 years) landcover. Five services (above-ground carbon density, recreational use, bird species richness, bird density, and a metric of recreation experience quality (continuity with the past) were more strongly determined by past landcover. Time-lags ranged from 20 (bird species richness and density) to over 100 years (above-ground carbon density). Historical landcover, therefore, can have a strong influence on current service provision. By ignoring such time-lags, we risk drawing incorrect conclusions regarding how the distribution and quality of some ecosystem services may alter in response to land-use/cover change. Although such a finding adds to the complexity of predicting future scenarios, ecologists may find that they can link the biodiversity conservation agenda to the preservation of cultural heritage, and that certain courses of action provide win-win outcomes across multiple environmental and cultural goods.  相似文献   

多源遥感数据支持下的城市生态状况评价     

王媛  杜明义  杨柳忠  蔡国印  张宁 《测绘通报》2021,(11):16-20

城市生态环境监测具有数据来源广泛、监测要素复杂、服务对象多样等特点,整合可用的资源进行城市生态的综合监测成为目前关注的热点。本文利用高分辨率遥感影像,以及地表覆盖、城市边界等遥感产品,在现有遥感生态指数的基础上,结合黑臭水体指数,构建适合综合评估城市生态状况的集成遥感监测模型,实现对城市生态环境状态的多维度监测。该方法能够较准确客观地反映城市的生态环境质量,理论上补充了基于遥感数据的城市生态环境监测方法,可为城市生态环境监测的信息化建设提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

三峡梯级枢纽多目标生态优化调度模型及其求解方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

卢有麟  周建中  王浩  张勇传 《水科学进展》2011,22(6):780-788

针对三峡梯级枢纽综合效益的充分发挥及其对长江流域典型生态系统修复及持续改善的科学需求,通过分析发电效益与生态效益之间的制约竞争关系,以发电量最大和生态缺水量最小为目标建立了梯级电站多目标生态优化调度模型,对三峡梯级枢纽多目标生态优化调度进行了研究。同时,针对传统优化方法难以同时处理多个调度目标的固有缺陷,提出一种改进多目标差分进化算法对所构建模型进行高效求解。该方法针对差分进化算法在多目标协同优化和全局寻优能力等方面的不足,依据问题的特点重新设计了差分进化算法的进化算子,同时设计了一种多目标混沌搜索策略以加强算法的局部搜索能力。最后,依据多目标生态优化调度问题的特点设计了一种不需要设置惩罚因子的约束处理方法。通过三峡梯级枢纽多目标生态优化调度的实例应用,验证了本文所构建模型的合理性以及所提出算法的有效性和工程实用性。  相似文献   

自然村落的生态化维持与规划——以景德镇市浮梁县三龙乡盘溪村为案例     

魏晗 《中国勘察设计》2011,(2):53-56

我们如何让原生态自然村落不再随着新农村的盲目建设而销声匿迹?如何让原生态村落成为一种特色文化而去创造价值?让原生态与我们的现代生活相结合,在两者相碰撞的火花里寻求一种特殊的保护途径,既让原生态环境完整的保留,又让其成为一种具有代表性的地域文化。更重要的利用生态学的科学方法来设计并且实施规划,参考成功案例,从细节做起,真正意义上做到对试点村落的生态化维持和规划。  相似文献